To detect underlying issues, hormone tests, genetic testing, and imaging examinations such as scrotal ultrasound may be used.
“Early diagnosis with these methods is critical for effective treatment and better reproductive results. If couples have been trying to conceive for more than a year and have had no success, they should consult a fertility specialist,” she said.
In recent years, male infertility treatments have advanced significantly in India, offering hope to couples struggling with conception.
Multiple options
Chennai-based Dr Rukkayal Fathima, obstetrician and gynaecologist, lead consultant (reproductive medicine) and fertility expert at Motherhood Hospital, said the treatment for male infertility in India includes a broad range of options from lifestyle changes and medication to advanced surgical and assisted reproductive techniques.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a widely used and effective method for addressing male infertility. This process involves fertilising a woman’s eggs with a man’s sperm in a controlled laboratory environment.
In cases of severe male factor infertility, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) offers a more targeted approach. It has proven highly effective for men with very low sperm counts or poor sperm motility, providing a chance for conception even in challenging cases.
Another standard treatment option is intrauterine insemination (IUI). This less invasive procedure involves placing prepared sperm directly into the woman’s uterus.
“These advanced reproductive technologies have revolutionised the treatment of male infertility, offering tailored solutions to address various fertility challenges. Each method provides unique advantages, and the choice of treatment is typically made in consultation with fertility specialists, considering each couple’s specific needs and circumstances,” said Dr Murdia.
Awareness needed
However, what is most important is to address the stigma surrounding male infertility, which experts say requires a multifaceted, professional approach involving medical, psychological, and social strategies that recognise the complexity and sensitivity of the issue to reduce stigma.
There is a need to create awareness through public health campaigns to break the taboo surrounding male infertility. The first step in this direction would be to include reproductive health education in school and college curricula that would help young men understand and address fertility issues early, said Dr Fathima.
“Normalising male infertility is crucial in encouraging men to seek medical assistance without fear of judgment,” Dr Murdia said, adding that this can be done by reframing the condition as a standard medical issue rather than a source of shame or embarrassment.
